BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND BONE REMODELING IN RESPONSE TO OOPHORECTOMY AND AQUATIC TRAINING

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether swimming could prevent bone loss and could be indicated to assist in treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: Female rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6), two of them were oophorectomized. Animals from two groups, one oophorectomized and another not oophorectomized, underwent aquatic training for eight weeks. After training, the animals were sacrificed and their blood was collected for calcium and alkaline phosphatase serum dosage; the femur was removed and subjected to radiological and histological densitometry analysis to assess bone loss and osteoclast counting on femoral head and neck. Results: Increase in serum calcium was not observed. There was an increasing activity of alkaline phosphatase in the oophorectomized groups. The radiographs suggest that there was a greater bone mass density in the trained groups. Concerning histology, the trained groups had better tissue structural organization than the sedentary groups. In the oophorectomized and sedentary group, higher presence of osteoclasts was observed a. Conclusion: Exercise and oophorectomy did not promote changes in serum calcium levels. The decrease of sex steroids caused by oophorectomy was responsible for severe bone loss, but swimming exercise was able to reduce this loss. Oophorectomy promoted the proliferation of osteoclasts and the exercise proved to be able to diminish it. Level of Evidence I, Experimental Study.

Ganho de força e função em idosos por treino isométrico com e sem resposta visual / Strength and function gains in the elderly from isometric training with and without visual response / Aumento de fuerza y función en ancianos a través de entrenamiento isométrico con y sin respuesta visual

INTRODUÇÃO: A remediação das alterações fisiológicas que sofrem os idosos é um problema com o qual a saúde pública se defronta com frequência. A premência deste trabalho está em minimizar essa remediação e as alterações que ela propicia no âmbito músculo-esquelético, por meio de um trabalho físico condicionante, que busca aumentar a qualidade de vida dessa população. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico sob duas ópticas de comando terapêutico, com e sem resposta visual por unidade de pressão, bem como seus possíveis benefícios quanto ao ganho de torque muscular, inerente à funcionalidade citada no questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36, avaliando assim a influência do treinamento físico. MÉTODOS: A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 e do teste de levantar e sentar, além da aferição da força por meio do esfigmomanômetro modificado (EM). O individuo foi submetido a duas sessões semanais de exercícios durante um mês, com o protocolo de treinamento que constou de três séries de 10 repetições na cadeira flexora e extensora para ambos os joelhos de maneira isométrica. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados pela análise de variância e desvio padrão (p < 0,05) e correlação de Pearson (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Notou-se melhora no quadro geral dos idosos, sendo que houve aumento estatisticamente significante no estado geral de saúde, redução da limitação por aspectos físicos, redução da dor e no aumento da capacidade funcional, bem como um incremento da força de flexão e extensão, que teve reflexo positivo no teste funcional. CONCLUSÃO: ...

INTRODUCTION: The remediation of physiological changes affecting the elderly is a problem frequently faced in public health. The urgency of this work is to minimize this remediation and the changes that it induces at the musculoskeletal level, via work done with physical conditioning, seeking to increase the quality of life of this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of physical training under two therapeutic commands, with and without visual feedback per pressure unit, as well as possible benefits from increased muscle torque, inherent to the functionality mentioned in the SF-36 questionnaire, thus evaluating the influence of physical training. METHODS: The evaluation was conducted using an SF-36 quality of life questionnaire and the sit-to-stand exercise, in addition to measurement of strength by means of the modified sphygmomanometer (MS). The subjects underwent two weekly exercise sessions for a month, with a training protocol that consisted of three sets of 10 isometric repetitions on the flexion-extension chair. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and standard deviation (p<0.05), and Pearson's correlation (p<0.05). RESULTS: We observed an improvement in the general conditions of the elderly, with a statistically significant increase in general health, reduced limitation caused by physical problems, reduced pain and increased functional capacity, as well as an increase in the strength of flexion and extension, which had a positive impact on functional testing. CONCLUSION: There was highly valid correlation between the strength gained in flexion in the sit-to-stand exercise, which, although lower than the gain in strength in extension, enabled the establishment of a correlation with functional gain, regardless of the visual feedback. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: La remediación de las alteraciones fisiológicas que sufren los ancianos es un problema con el cual la salud pública se enfrenta con frecuencia. El apremio de este trabajo es minimizar esa remediación y las alteraciones que propicia en el ámbito músculo-esquelético, por medio de un trabajo físico condicionante, que busca aumentar la calidad de vida de esa población. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento físico bajo dos ópticas de comando terapéutico, con y sin respuesta visual por unidad de presión, bien como sus posibles beneficios cuanto al aumento de torque muscular, inherente a la funcionalidad citada en el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-36, evaluando así la influencia del entrenamiento físico. MÉTODOS: La evaluación fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-36 y del test de levantar y sentar, además de la medición de la fuerza por medio del esfigmomanómetro modificado (EM). El individuo fue sometido a dos sesiones semanales de ejercicios durante un mes, con el protocolo de entrenamiento que fue de tres series de 10 repeticiones en la silla flexora y extensora para ambas rodillas de manera isométrica. Los datos fueron estadísticamente analizados por el Análisis de Variancia y Desvío Estándar (p < 0,05) y correlación de Pearson (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Se notó una mejora en el cuadro general de los ancianos, siendo que hubo mejora estadísticamente significativa del estado general de salud, de la limitación por aspectos físicos, de la reducción del dolor y de la capacidad funcional, bien como un incremento de la fuerza para flexión y extensión que tuvo reflejo positivo en el test funcional. CONCLUSIÓN: Hubo correlación extremadamente válida entre el aumento de fuerza en flexión ...

Iontoforese de ácido ascórbico para ganho condral em ratos com artrite / Ascorbic acid iontophoresis for chondral gain in rats with arthritis

Verificar a celularidade e espessura da cartilagem articulardo fêmur em ratos com artrite após terapia por iontoforese.Métodos: Para avaliar estes objetivos, uma análise histológicafoi realizada em hematoxilina e eosina, onde a celularidade e asespessuras da cartilagem foram observadas e avaliadas qualitativae quantitativamente por contagem manual por área de700.09 μm². Resultados: O grupo tratado com IAA obteve normalidadede celularidade (40,1 células/µm²) e manutenção da cartilagemnão calcificada (75,5 μm), sugerindo espessura normal. Ogrupo não tratado C+, por outro lado, apresentou menor médiado número de condrócitos (13.0 µm²), (P <0,05), e em relação àespessura da cartilagem mostrou maior média de cartilagem calcificadacom espessura (104,8 μm) e menor média de cartilagemnão calcificada (53,3 µm) Conclusão: A terapia da iontoforese comL-ácido ascórbico através da corrente elétrica continua contribuiupara um ganho quantitativo de condrócitos e melhorou a distribui-ção de espessuras da cartilagem calcificadas e não calcificadas.Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de Caso Controle...

To examine the cellularity and thickness of the articularcartilage of the femur in rats with arthritis after treatment withiontophoresis. Methods: To evaluate these objectives, a histologicalanalysis was performed on hematoxylin and eosin, wherecellularity and cartilage thickness were observed and evaluatedqualitatively and quantitatively by manual counting by 700.09 μm²area. Results: The group treated with IAA had normal cellularity(40.1 cells/μm2) and maintenance of non-calcified cartilage(75.5 μm), suggesting normal thickness. The non-treated groupC+, on the other hand, had a lower mean number of chondrocytes(13.0 μm2) (P <0.05) and, when the cartilage thickness was compared,it showed higher average thickness of calcified cartilage(104.8 μm) and lower mean of non-calcified cartilage (53.3 μm)Conclusion: The use of iontophoresis with L-ascorbic acid bythe continuous electric current contributed to a quantitative gainof chondrocytes and improved the thickness distribution of calcifiedand non-calcified cartilage. Level of Evidence III, CaseControl Study...

Zinc sulphate administered by transdermal iontophoresis improves breaking strength of surgical wounds in skin of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of zinc sulphate administered by transdermal iontophoresis (TDI) on mechanical resistance of surgical wounds performed in the skin of diabetic rats. METHODS:One hundred and sixty male Wistar rats weighing approximately 250g were submitted to an incision surgery at the anterior region of abdomen and randomly distributed into four experimental groups with 40 non-diabetic control animals (G1) and 40 untreated diabetic animals (G2), both without any treatment of incisions; 40 non-diabetic animals (G3) and 40 untreated diabetic animals (G4), both with incisions treated with zinc sulphate, administered for a period of four consecutive days after surgery, in sessions of ten minutes duration, using a continuous-current electrostimulator (Zn + TDI). Each experimental group was further divided into four subgroups with ten rats each to be evaluated on the 4th, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after surgery. In each period were analyzed clinical and laboratory from the animals, and measured the breaking strength and hydroxyproline content (OH-P) of the skin scars. RESULTS: Breaking strength (BS) was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in skin scars of untreated diabetic rats (G2) on the 7th, 14th, and 21st postoperative days when compared to non-diabetic control rats (G1). In contrast, BS in skin scars of non-diabetic and untreated diabetic rats (G3, G4) treated with Zn + TDI showed significant increase (p<0.05) in those periods when compared with their respective controls with untreated incisions. The OH-P content of the scars did not show statistically significant variation in all studied groups at four different times evaluated after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc sulphate administered by transdermal iontophoresis had beneficial effect on the mechanical resistance of scars produced in the skin of diabetic rats. This therapeutic may have potential to reduce the complications observed in surgical wounds of the skin in diabetic subjects, mainly in most vulnerable stages of incisions to dehiscences, leakages and infections.